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Shakespeare Birthplace Trust
The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust (SBT) is an independent registered educational charity based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, that came into existence in 1847 following the purchase of William Shakespeare's birthplace for preservation as a national memorial.〔(Supporting the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust ). Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved 29 October 2012〕 It can also lay claim to be the oldest conservation society in Britain.〔(Obituary of Levi Fox ) ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 17 October 2008〕 Receiving no government funding or public subsidies, it is totally dependent upon the public for support, and relies on donations and the income generated from visitors.〔
The SBT is considered the most significant Shakespeare charity in the world, and endeavours to internationally promote the appreciation and study of the plays and other works of William Shakespeare, and general advancements of Shakespearian knowledge. The Trust maintains and preserves the Shakespeare Birthplace properties, a museum, library of books, manuscripts, records of historic interest, pictures, photographs and objects of antiquity with particular reference to the life and times of William Shakespeare,〔(). Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved 29 October 2012〕 and is also home to the headquarters of the International Shakespeare Association.〔
==Origins of the Trust==
For more than 200 years after the Bard's death, his birthplace was occupied by the descendants of his recently widowed sister, Joan Hart. Under the terms of Shakespeare's will, the ownership of the whole property (the inn and Joan Hart's cottage) passed to his elder daughter, Susanna; and then on her death in 1649, to her only child, Elizabeth. Elizabeth died in 1670, bequeathing it to Thomas Hart, the descendant of Shakespeare's sister, Joan, whose family had continued as tenants of the cottage after her death in 1646. The Harts remained owners of the whole property until 1806, when it was sold to a butcher, Thomas Court.〔(Shakespeare's Birthplace ) Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved: 17 November 2008〕 When it was again put up for sale in 1846 on the death of Court's widow,〔 the American showman P. T. Barnum proposed to buy the home and ship it "brick-by-brick" to the US. To purchase the property for the Nation, the Shakespeare Birthday Committee was formed, and such luminaries as Charles Dickens helped the Committee raise £3,000 and bought it the following year.〔(The Bard's birthplace ) bbc.co.uk. Retrieved: 11 November 2008〕 Incorporated by a private Act of Parliament, the Birthday Committee became the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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